• 28 March 2024
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National Institute of
Natural Sciences (NINS)

Climate Change

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The climate in Nepal varies from tropical to the arctic within the 200 km span from south to north and the natural vegetation follows the pattern of climate and altitude. The Terai and the Chure (Siwalik) Hills have tropical to sub-tropical climates. The Middle Mountains are sub-tropical in valley bottoms, but warm temperate on valley sides, and cool temperate on higher ridges, which experience occasional snowfall. The Middle Mountain Zone has the greatest diversity of ecosystems and species in Nepal due to the great variety of terrain types and climatic zones. Vegetation consists of a mixture of many species including pines, oak, rhododendrons, poplars, walnuts, and larch. The High Mountains and the High Himalayas are alpine with a nival climate above the snowline. In recent years, climate change has affected on rainfall pattern, temperature, vegetation, Himalayan glacier and livelihood of the community. Middle Mountain and High Himalayan regions are more sensitive to climate change due to their physiographic characteristics. Glaciers are retreating so fast and snow line is continuously shifting upward. The average warming is found 0.05oC/year. Flowering and fruiting time of some plants have been changed which have adverse effect on biodiversity.

It is a change in the statistical distribution of weather over periods of time that range from decades to millions of years. It can be a change in the average weather or a change in the distribution of weather events around an average.

It will have significant effects on the health of wildlife, domestic animals and humans. According to scientists, increasing temperatures, combined with changes in rainfall and humidity, may have significant impacts on wildlife, domestic animals and humans, climate change, habitat destruction and urbanization, introduction of exotic and invasive species and pollution- all affect ecosystem and human health.

The term sometimes is used to refer specifically to climate change caused by human activity, as opposed to changes in climate that may have resulted as part of Earth’s natural processes. In this sense, especially in the context of environmental policy, the term climate change has become synonymous with anthropogenic global warming. Within scientific journals, global warming refers to surface temperature increases while climate change includes global warming and everything else that increasing greenhouse gas levels will affect when we change the climate we change everything the climate plays such a major part in our planet’s environmental system that even minor changes have impacts that are large and complex. Climate change affects people and nature, and it often increases existing threats that have already put pressure on the environment. How much longer are we going to allow it to continue? The change in nature has serious implications for people and our economic system.

Impacts on climate change

  • Impacts on water,
  • Impacts on forests
  • Impacts on food security
  • Impacts on Agriculture
  • Impact on wildlife

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